Foreign Direct Investment

外商直接投资

踏浪远航，守航护行

外商直接投资（Foreign Direct Investment，简称 FDI）是指外国自然人、企业或其他组织直接或间接在中国境内投资的行为，包括但不限于：

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) refers to investment activities whereby foreign individuals, enterprises, or other organizations, directly or indirectly, invest within the territory of the People’s Republic of China, including but not limited to the following:

1、在中国设立外商投资企业（外商独资、中外合资）

Establishment of foreign-invested enterprises in China (including wholly foreign-owned enterprises and Sino-foreign joint ventures)

2、收购中国境内企业的股权或资产

Acquisition of equity interests or assets of enterprises within China

3、对现有企业进行增资扩股

Capital increase or equity expansion of existing enterprises

4、在中国投资新建项目

Investment in newly established projects within China

5、法律法规规定的其他投资形式

Other forms of investment as prescribed by laws and regulations

Review and Regulatory Regime

审核制度

以《外商投资法》及其实施条例为核心，构建完善的审核监管体系

01

法律依据

Legal Basis

以《外商投资法》及其实施条例为核心，辅以市场主体登记、外汇管理等配套法规。

The regulatory framework is primarily grounded in the Foreign Investment Law of the People's Republic of China and its Implementing Regulations, supplemented by supporting rules and regulations on market entity registration, foreign exchange administration, and other related regimes.

02

准入机制

Market Access Mechanism

实行"准入前国民待遇 + 负面清单"管理——负面清单以外领域实行内外资同等待遇；负面清单内设有限制或禁止条目，投资须符合相应条件或不得进入。

China adopts a management model of "pre-establishment national treatment plus a negative list." Sectors not included in the negative list are open to foreign investors on an equal footing with domestic investors, while sectors listed therein are subject to restricted or prohibited access, and foreign investment must meet the corresponding conditions or is not permitted to enter, as applicable.

03

项目管理

Project Administration

对关系国家安全、全国重大布局、战略资源开发或重大公共利益的项目实行核准制；其他固定资产投资项目一般适用备案制（属地备案原则，由省级政府明确备案机关与权限）。

Projects involving national security, major national development strategies, strategic resource exploitation, or significant public interests are subject to an approval (verification) system. Other fixed-asset investment projects generally fall under a filing-based administration mechanism, following the principle of local jurisdiction, with the competent filing authorities and their respective powers designated by provincial-level governments.

04

外汇管理

Foreign Exchange Administration

外商投资资金、资本金及返程投资等受国家外汇管理规定约束；资本金登记、入账、结汇、资金使用由外管局授权银行具体执行，补登记仍需向外管部门办理。

Foreign investment funds, registered capital, and round-trip investments are subject to the state foreign exchange regulatory regime. Matters including capital account registration, fund receipt, settlement, and utilization of registered capital are implemented by banks authorized by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE). Any supplementary registration shall still be completed with the competent foreign exchange authorities.

Foreign Investment Forms in China

外商在中国的投资形式

了解外商投资中国的主要法律实体形式与选择

01

公司形式

Corporate Structure

有限责任公司：股东人数不超过50人，以认缴出资额对公司承担有限责任；公司以全部资产对债务承担责任。

Limited Liability Company (LLC): A legal entity with no more than 50 shareholders. Each shareholder assumes liability to the extent of its subscribed capital contribution, while the company is independently liable for its debts with all of its assets.

股份有限公司：注册资本由等额股份构成，通过发行股票或股权证筹集资金；股东以认购股份为限承担责任。

Company Limited by Shares: Registered capital is divided into equal shares. It raises funds through issuance of shares or equity securities, and shareholders bear liability limited to the value of the shares they have subscribed for.

02

合伙企业

Partnership Structure

普通合伙：由普通合伙人组成，合伙人对企业债务承担无限连带责任。

General Partnership: Composed solely of general partners, who shall bear unlimited joint and several liability for all debts and obligations of the partnership.

有限合伙：由普通合伙人和有限合伙人组成，普通合伙人承担无限连带责任，有限合伙人以出资额为限承担责任。

Limited Partnership: Consists of both general partners and limited partners. General partners bear unlimited joint and several liability, whereas limited partners are liable only to the extent of their respective capital contributions.

03

外国企业常驻代表机构

Representative Officen of Foreign Enterprise

不具有法人资格，仅能开展非营利性市场调研、宣传、联络等业务。

Does not possess independent legal person status. Limited to conducting non-profit-oriented activities such as market research, brand promotion and liaison functions.

不得从事营利性活动。

Strictly prohibited from engaging in any profit-making or direct business operations.

FDI Establishment Process Overview

设立流程概览

从审批评估到合规登记，三步完成外商投资企业设立

1

第一阶段：前置审批评估

Phase 1: Pre-Approval Assessment

需判断是否涉及以下事项：

Determine whether the investment involves:

是否涉及项目核准或备案

Project approval or filing requirements

是否进入负面清单

Inclusion in China's Negative List

是否涉及行业许可证

Industry-specific licenses

是否涉及国家安全审查或反垄断审查

National security review or antitrust review

2

第二阶段：企业登记注册

Phase 2: Company Registration

向市场监督管理局提交设立材料，申请营业执照。

Submit all required incorporation documents to the local Market Regulation Administration and apply for the business license.

提交材料至市场监督管理局，申请注册登记，取得营业执照

Submit Documents to SAMR, Apply for Company Registration, Business License Issued

3

第三阶段：信息同步

Phase 3: Information & Compliance Synchronization

营业执照取得后，企业仍需同步完成以下配套事项，确保企业在法律层面、资金层面及监管层面全面合规。

After obtaining the business license, complete the following to ensure full legal and regulatory compliance.

外商投资信息报告

Foreign investment information reporting (MOFCOM)

外汇登记

Foreign exchange registration (SAFE)

银行开户

Bank account opening

公章刻制

Company seal (chop) engraving (MPS)

税务登记

Tax registration (STA)

社保登记

Social insurance registration (MOHRSS)

以上信息仅供参考，具体政策以最新规定为准

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